Perbezaan antara Pemutus Litar Vacuum dan SF6

Artikel dibawah, adalah di dalam Bahasa Inggeris dan sebarang perbincangan atau pertanyaan amatlah dialukan.

Table 1. Characteristics of the SF6 and vacuum current interrupting technologies.

	SF6 Circuit Breakers		Vacuum Circuit Breakers
Criteria	Puffer Circuit Breaker	Self-pressuring circuit-breaker	Contact material-Chrome-Copper
Operating energy requirements	Operating Energy requirements are high, because the mechanism must supply the energy needed to compress the gas.	Operating Energy requirements are low, because the mechanism must move only relatively small masses at moderate speed, over short distances. The mechanism does not have to provide the energy to create the gas flow	Operating energy requirements are low, because the mechanism must move only relatively small masses at moderate speed, over very short distances.
Arc Energy	Because of the high conductivity of the arc in the SF6 gas, the arc energy is low. (arc voltage is between 150 and 200V.)		Because of the very low voltage across the metal vapour arc, energy is very low. (Arc voltage is between 50 and 100V.)
Contact Erosion	Due to the low energy the contact erosion is small.		Due to the very low arc energy, the rapid movement of the arc root over the contact and to the fact that most of the metal vapour re-condenses on the contact, contact erosion is extremely small.
Arc extinguishing media	The gaseous medium SF6 possesses excellent dielectric and arc quenching properties. After arc extinction, the dissociated gas molecules recombine almost completely to reform SF6. This means that practically no loss/consumption of the quenching medium occurs. The gas pressure can be very simply and permanently supervised. This function is not needed where the interrupters are sealed for life.		No additional extinguishing medium is required. A vacuum at a pressure of 10-7 bar or less is an almost ideal extinguishing medium. The interrupters are ‘sealed for life’ so that supervision of the vacuum is not required.
Switching behavior in relation to current chopping	The pressure build-up and therefore the flow of gas is independent of the value of the current. Large or small currents are cooled with the same intensity. Only small values of high frequency, transient currents, if any, will be interrupted. The de-ionization of the contact gap proceeds very rapidly, due to the electro-negative characteristic of the SF6 gas and the arc products.	The pressure build-up and therefore the flow of gas is dependent upon the value of the current to be interrupted. Large currents are cooled intensely, small currents gently. High frequency transient currents will not, in general, be interrupted. The de-ionization of the contact gap proceeds very rapidly due to the electro-negative characteristic of the SF6 gas and the products.	No flow of an ‘extinguishing’ medium needed to extinguish the vacuum arc. An extremely rapid de-ionization of the contact gap, ensures the interruption of all currents whether large or small. High frequency transient currents can be interrupted. The value of the chopped current is determined by the type of contact material used. The presence of chrome in the contact alloy with vacuum also.
No. of short-circuit operation	10—50	10—50	30—100
No. full load operation	5000—10000	5000—10000	10000—20000
No. of mechanical operation	5000—20000	5000—20000	10000—30000

Comparison of the SF6 And Vacuum Technologies

The most important characteristics of the SF6 gas and vacuum-circuit breakers, i.e., of SF6 gas and vacuum as arc-extinguishing media are summarized in Table-1.

In the case of the SF6 circuit-breaker, interrupters which have reached the limiting number of operations can be overhauled and restored to ‘as new’ condition. However, practical experience has shown that under normal service conditions the SF6 interrupter never requires servicing throughout its lifetime. For this reason, some manufacturers no longer provide facilities for the user to overhaul the circuit-breaker, but have adopted a ‘sealed for life’ design as for the vacuum-circuit breaker.

The operating mechanisms of all types of circuit-breakers require servicing, some more frequently than others depending mainly on the amount of energy they have to provide. For the vacuum-circuit breaker the service interval lies between 10,000 and 20,000 operations. For the SF6 designs the value varies between 5,000 and 20,000 whereby, the lower value applies to the puffer circuit-breaker for whose operation, the mechanism must deliver much more energy.

The actual maintenance requirements of the circuit-breaker depend upon its service duty, i.e. on the number of operations over a given period of time and the value of current interrupted. Based on the number of operations given in the previous section, it is obvious that SF6 and vacuum circuit-breakers used in public supply and /or industrial distribution systems will, under normal circumstances, never reach the limits of their summated breaking current value. Therefore, the need for the repair or replacement of an interrupter will be a rare exception and in this sense these circuit-breakers can be considered maintenance-free. Service or maintenance requirements are therefore restricted to routine cleaning of external surfaces and the checking and lubrication of the mechanism, including the trip-linkages and auxiliary switches. In applications which require a very high number of circuit-breaker operations e.g. for arc furnace duty or frequently over the SF6 design, due to its higher summated-breaking current capability. In such cases it is to be recommended that the estimation of circuit-breaker maintenance costs be given some consideration and that these be included in the evaluation along with the initial, capital costs.

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Sejauh mana Kita meyakini Meter kWh TNB?

Dielectric strength (Ujian Minyak Transformer)

Beberapa kali saya mendapati bahawa bacaan meter kWh TNB tidak merekodkan penggunaan elektrik pengguna dengan tepat. Yang terakhir, di Kajang Height iaitu di rumah seorang kaya berbangsa Cina. Masalah beliau selesai setelah TNB menggantikan meter rumah beliau. Suka untuk saya berkongsi suatu artikel yang menceritakan perihal yang agak serupa di Amerika. Mungkin model dan pemegang lesennya berbeza namun ia adalah bukti bahawa masalah yang kita rasakan "jarang berlaku" adalah "biasa berlaku". Penyelesaian mudah, kenalilah orang kompeten di sekeliling anda. ;).

Low-wattage rebate(http://www.electricalcontractor.com/)

Posted By PAUL SCHLIESMANN, THE WHIG-STANDARD

The Kingston family feuding with Hydro One over high electricity bills -- including one that reached a whopping $985.15 for a single month -- has received a rebate of $63.93.

A letter from the publicly owned utility referred to the payment as a "gesture of good will."

"It's also kind of insulting," said Heather Wilkins. "I think if they were buying me off, it would be more than $63.93."

Wilkins and her husband, Dave, still suspect the smart meter that was installed on their house last spring gave inaccurate readings that led to their exorbitant bills.

The Wilkins say a recent energy audit performed at their home only confirms their suspicions.

On Nov. 16, two technicians arrived at the Wilkins' west-end home -- one an independent electrician, the other from Hydro One. They were there for nearly five hours, testing appliances and looking for potential sources of high energy consumption.

They apparently found none, though the Wilkins have yet to see the final reports.

Heather Wilkins said the Hydro technician kept asking her, "Are you sure you don't have electric heaters?"

They don't.

The men told Wilkins that the base load for their home is just under three kilowatt hours, mainly due to the refrigerator, freezer, furnace fan and, in summer, the pool pump.

Prior to the follow-up testing, Hydro One took a close look at the household consumption during August that led to the high bill.

They found several days when mysterious, large spikes in consumption were recorded at odd hours.

On Aug. 6, for example, from 11 a. m. to midnight, consumption was recorded at 44.5 kilowatt hours. During one hour, from 11 p. m. to midnight, the draw was nine kilowatt hours -- three times the base load -- even though no one was in the house at the time because the family was at their cottage.

Wilkins said the jump is remarkable.

"They haven't been able to figure anything out. They're not admitting there's a problem with their smart meter, but they're also aware something is fishy," she said.

"Something is not quite right. I still think there's something wrong with that smart meter."

About two weeks ago, Hydro One customer relations called the family to say that testing was going to continue at the house.

Hydro One spokeswoman Daniele Gauvin confirmed Friday that a data logger will be installed to monitor hour-by-hour energy use at the Wilkins' home, as well as a power cost monitor to show minute-by-minute wat -tage use.

"We want to work with the family," said Gauvin. "The meter's been tested. The investigation looked at some of the equipment in the home."

It remains the belief at Hydro One, she said, that "the current equipment in the home could have created the usage the Wilkins saw."

Heather Wilkins said she is grateful for Hydro One's efforts after months of getting nowhere with telephone customer service staff.

Yesterday, she received another surprise on her latest bill -- this one more pleasant.

"Our consumption is way down," she said. "We've gone from 82 kilowatt hours a day down to 40 kilowatt hours -- half of what we were consuming when we were not in the house. My bill is $172.

"Consumption is half of what it was in the summer. It doesn't make any sense. We haven't done anything different."

To date, Hydro One has installed more than one million smart meters around the pro - vince. Every home in Ontario is to be retrofitted in 2010 with the new digital meters that will send readings automatically to a centralized data repository.

The Wilkins live in the city's west end where Hydro One distributes electricity. The rest of Kingston's smart meters will be installed throughout 2010 by Utilities Kingston.

In California, customers with Pacific Gas and Electric have filed a class-action suit to find out why they have suddenly been receiving much higher bills than normal.

With four million smart meters installed across the state, last week the California Public Utility Commission put out a call for electrical contractors to conduct independent testing of the suspect appliances.

In California, consumers are already moving to time-of-use billing, which Ontarians will see sometime next year. Customers will be charged higher rates for electricity during peak use periods, mainly daytime on weekdays, which smart meters will be able to record.

Many consumers fear time-of-use billing alone will result in higher electricity bills because they won't be able to adapt their households to take advantage of off-peak times.

Artikel Pilihan: Elektrik

extracted from: Blog Elektrik & Elektronik

Terminologi

Elektrik adalah satu bentuk tenaga yang terhasil daripada pengaliran elektron. Manakala elektrisiti boleh ditakrifkan sebagai aliran zarah bercas negatif. Zarah bercas negatif (elektron) ini mengalir di atas objek atau sesuatu yang mengkonduksikan elektrik. Elektrisiti juga dikenali sebagai Arus. Secara asasnya, elektron akan mengorbit nukleus atom. Nukleus atom ini terdiri daripada zarah bercas positif yang digelar proton dan juga zarah neutral iaitu neutron.

Faktor Penting Elektrik

Tiga faktor yang mempengaruhi elektrik ialah:

1. Voltan iaitu perbeza keupayaan (difference of electrical potential) antara dua titik eletrik atau litar eletronik. Unit SI bagi voltan ialah Voltan (V)
2. Arus iaitu merupakan satu kuantiti dalam sains yang menerangkan kadar pengaliran cas elektrik Unit SI bagi arus ialah Ampere (A)
3. Rintangan iaitu sifat bagi litar di mana elektrik mengalir dan memberi rintangan kepada arus. Unitnya (R)

Rumus matematiknya ialah: V = I/R

Hazad Elektrik

Elektrisiti ataupun arus boleh membunuh. Saban tahun kemalangan yang berpunca dari elektrik direkod. Di United Kingdom misalnya sebanyak 1,000 kemalangan yang melibatkan elektrik dilaporkan. Biasanya kemalangan ini melibatkan kontak secara langsung manusia dengan alatan elektrik yang terdedah contohnya menyentuh kabel elektrik yang luka. Kemalangan yang melibatkan elektrik ini berlaku bilamana prinsip asas keselamatan elektrik tidak dititikberatkan.

Hazad elektrik boleh dikelaskan dengan beberapa jenis:

1. Hazad Elektrostatik
2. Hazad Kebakaran
3. Hazan Pengcahayaan (mata arka)
4. Hazad Renjatan

Hazad Elektrostatik

Elektrostatik terhasil oleh cas elektrik yang terperangkap di dalam penebat. Cas-cas ini mempunyai voltan yang tinggi tetapi arus yang rendah. Kesan elektrostatik ini akan menyebabkan kejutan. Elektrostatik boleh menjadi hazad kepada manusia bila ia mempunyai voltan tinggi yang boleh mengakibatkan kecederaan mahupun kematian. Elektrostatik juga boleh menjadi hazad kepada persekitaran yang berisiko untuk mewujudkan sumber pencucuhan dalam persekitaran mudah terbakar.

Hazad Kebakaran

Kita sering mendengar kemalangan yang berpunca dari elektrik pastinya melibatkan kebakaran. Fenomena ini berlaku berpunca dari litar pintas, lebihan tenaga mengalir (overload) dan lain-lain. Kegagalan ini menyebabkan percikan api ataupun penjanaan tenaga haba yang tinggi yang berpotensi dalam menyalakan api. Pelepasan cas statik juga penyebab kepada hazad kebakaran.
Hazad Pengcahayaan (mata arka)

Pengcahayaan yang melampau mampu merosakkan sistem penglihatan kita. Mata manusia begitu sensitif dengan cahaya lampau. Hazad ini terdiri dari cahaya ultraungu yang terhasil dari arka elektrik dari silauan cahaya aktiviti kimpalan. Apabila mata melihat secara langsung punca cahaya ini, ianya akan memberi kesan yang dipanggil ’Konjuntinitis’

Hazad Renjatan

Renjatan elektrik adalah hazad utama pada manusia. Renjatan elektrik terjadi bila badan atau anggota badan bersentuhan dengan sumber arus elektrik. Arus ini akan mengalir di dalam badan manusia dan terus ke bumi untuk dineutralkan. Kesan renjatan elektrik ini memberi kesan yang serius dan boleh membawa maut. Arus yang mencukupi menyebabkan fungsi anggota badan terjejas seperti kekejangan otot, kegagalan jantung dan melumpuhkan sistem pernafasan.
Berikut adalah antara contoh-contoh keadaan dan kelakuan yang terdedah kepada potensi bahaya elektrik:

1. Pepasangan dilakukan oleh orang yang tidak kompeten.
2. Mengganggu pergerakan jangka.
3. Membuat penyambungan dari rumah ke rumah.
4. Melakukan penyambungan terus ke pepasangan SESB.
5. Pepasangan dalam premis tidak diuji secara berkala.
6. Menyambung beban tambahan tanpa kebenaran.
7. Radas dan pendawaian yang tidak selamat ataupun tidak terlindung.
8. Sistem pembumian (earthing) tidak diperiksa.
9. Melakukan penyambungan tanpa jangka (tidak berdaftar).
10. Menggunakan bahan atau pepasangan yang bermutu rendah ataupun tidak berkualiti.

Sumber: Suruhanjaya Tenaga dan Komunikasi, Malaysia

Kesan arus elektrik kepada badan manusia.

Sumber: National Safety Council

Pengelasan Alatan Elektrik

Terdapat dua (2) kelas peralatan elektrik yang digunakan secara meluas di negara ini. Ia dikelaskan berdasarkan ciri-ciri keselamatan dan rekabentuknya.

Peralatan Elektrik Kelas I

Peralatan elektrik kelas 1 melingkungi semua alat elektrik yang badannya dibuat daripada logam. Semua peralatan jenis ini mestilah disambungkan ke punca kuasa menggunakan wayar mudah lentur 3 teras iaitu wayar hidup (coklat) dan wayar neutral (biru) yang diperlukan untuk membolehkan peralatan elektrik berfungsi.Wayar bumi (hijau/ kuning) pula diperlukan untuk memastikan arus bocor tidak mengalir ke tubuh pengguna, tetapi terus ke bumi apabila terjadi kerosakan seperti wayar hidup tersentuh pada badan logam peralatan tersebut. Ini boleh menyelamatkan pengguna dari renjatan elektrik.

Peralatan Elektrik Kelas II

Peralatan elektrik kelas ll pada amnya ialah peralatan elektrik yang badannya dibuat daripada bahan-bahan bukan pengalir elektrik seperti plastik. Terdapat juga peralatan yang badannya diperbuat daripada logam pengalir elektrik seperti video tetapi masih dikelaskan sebagai peralatan kelas ll. Ini kerana ia mempunyai sistem penebatan berganda (double insulation) iaitu penebatan pertama membolehkan ia berfungsi dengan sempurna manakala penebatan kedua memastikan pengguna tidak tersentuh dawai pengalir elektrik jika terjadi kerosakan.

Pengurusan Keselamatan Elektrik

Di Malaysia didapati 80% pengguna-pengguna elektrik di pepasangan domestik dan tempat kediaman adalah terdiri daripada yang kurang berpengetahuan mengenai keselamatan elektrik. Manakala kurang daripada 20% pengguna-pengguna elektrik adalah pengguna komersial dan industri.
Aspek pengurusan dalam keselamatan pengendalian alat elektrik adalah satu bidang yang penting bagi mengelakkan sebarang insiden dan kemalangan daripada berlaku. Pengurusan yang baik dan teratur membuahkan hasil kerja yang baik dan bersistematik. Ini secara tidak langsung meminimakan hazad dan risiko yang melibatkan elektrik. Pengurusan keselamatan elektrik diaplikasikan kepada aktiviti yang melibatkan pengendalian alatan elektrik yang merangkumi dari tataamalan permulaan kerja hingga akhir. Tataamalan ini menjadi petunjuk kepada pengendali agar melaksanakan kerja dalam keadaan yang sistematik dan selamat. Di dalam konteks pengurusan keselamatan elektrik, aspek langkah kawalan hazad elektrik dari segi kawalan kejuruteraan dititikberatkan. Langkah kawalan kejuruteraan hazad elektrik boleh dibahagikan kepada:

1. Sistem pembumian
2. Penggunaan bahan antistatik (bertujuan mengurangkan hazad elektrostatik)
3. Penebat berganda (double insulators)
4. Penggunaan fius untuk mengelakkan pengaliran arus yang tinggi.
5. Pemakaian peralatan perlindungan diri (PPE)

baca seterusnya di Blog Elektrik & Elektronik

Artikel Pilihan: Siapa 'Orang Kompeten' di UiTM?

Disalin dari: blog Catatan Dari Alam Dan Pengalaman

Akta Bekalan Elekktrik 1990(Akta 447), Akta Bekalan Elektkrik (Syarikat Penganti) 1990 (Akta 448) & Peraturan-Peraturan dan Kaedah-Kaedah Elektrik 1990 mentakrifkan 'Jurutera Elektrik Kompeten' sebagai orang yang memegang Perakuan Kekompetenan sebagai Jurutera Elektrik Kompeten yang dikeluarkan di bawah peraturan 47. 'Penjaga Jentera' ertinya orang yang memegang Perakuan Kekompetenan sebagai Penjaga Jentera yang dikeluarkan di bawah peraturan 49.

Di UiTM 'Jurutera Elektrik Kompeten' yang saya kenali secara dekat ialah Ir. Harizan Che Mat Haris. Beliau banyak mengajar saya tentang elektrik bermula daripada High Tension(HT) 33kV, 11kV sehingga Low Voltage(LV) 415V dan 240V. Beliau juga mengajar saya tentang 'ring', 'redundancy' dan 'spur' dalam sistem bekalan elektrik. Jasa beliau kepada saya dalam konteks sistem bekalan elektrik tidak dapat saya lupakan sepanjang hayat. Sumbangan dan jasa beliau sepanjang berkhidmat di Pejabat Pengurusan Fasiliti (PPF) kepada UiTM terlalu banyak untuk ditulis dalam blog ini. Beliau juga adalah bekas Pegawai Kesihatan dan Keselamatan UiTM. Beliau umpama lilin, menerangi orang lain tetapi membakar diri sendiri.

Manakala 'Penjaga Jentera' Elektrik yang rapat dengan saya ramai, diantaranya Afzal Haq Abdul Rahman, Zulkepley Awang, Mohd. Tholal Hj. Hamidi,Mohd Fahmy Mohd. Fauzi, Shahidan Husain, Wan Hasanun, Samsudin Harun, Saimi Hussin, Mohd. Awaluddin Ibrahim, Mohni Dasuki dan ramai lagi yang tidak dapat disenaraikan disini. Mereka adalah orang kompeten di UiTM, Shah Alam. Mengikut Akta 447, orang awam tidak dibenarkan masuk Sub-Station Elektrik (HT&LV) kecuali dengan diiringi oleh orang kompeten iaitu Penjaga Jentera Elektrik.

Dalam kacamata Jabatan Perkhidmatan Awam(JPA) 'Penjaga Jentera' Elektrik ini tarafnya sama macam kerani, pemandu, tukang dan yang seangkatan dengannya. Mungkin kerana nama jawatan mereka penjaga jentera jadi Jabatan Perkhidmatan Awam(JPA) nampak tugas mereka ini macam penjaga. JAGA. Dalam kacamata Suruhanjaya Tenaga Malaysia pula mereka adalah orang kompeten, untuk menjadi orang kompeten mereka perlu mengikuti kursus tertentu yang dianjurkan Suruhanjaya Tenaga Malaysia. Kursus teori dan amali. Kursus ini memakan masa paling minima 6 bulan. Ada peperiksaan teori dan amali.

Pada pandangan saya kumpulan ini tidak perlu mengikuti Peperiksaan Tahap Kecekapan(PTK) kerana jika mereka menjadi 'Penjaga Jentera' Elektrik maknanya mereka telah kompeten. PTK mereka perlu berdasarkan kepada kompetensi mereka dalam skim Suruhanjaya Tenaga Malaysia bukan PTK seperti mana yang ada sekarang.

Samada kita sedar atau tidak, mereka sebenarnya ialah tulang belakang kepada operasi UiTM. Cuba bayangkan jika tiada bekalan elektrik di UiTM, adakah operasi pengajaran dan pembelajaran boleh dijalankan? apa maknanya komputer, server, network dan sistem ICT jika tiada bekalan elektrik? Apa maknanya sistem hawadingin jika tiada elektrik? semuanya tidak boleh beroperasi. Justeru itu, telah tiba masanya untuk JPA dan Pejabat Pendaftar membuat penilaian semula skim perkhidmatan penjaga jentera elektrik sediada kerana mereka terlalu dipinggirkan. Tambahan pula sekarang ini tarif bil elektrik telah naik, maka sewajarnyalah penjaga jentera elektrik juga dinaikan taraf...!

Competant Person Chargeman HT up to 33KV

extracted from : All about Kamaruzaman

Are you looking for competant HT Chargeman?
If you are looking for HT Chargeman for northern region to supervise, coordinate your project do call me at 019-4560110. Kamaruzaman.

I am doing freelance and already involved in many TNB project.
To name a few; Demolish of 275/132KV TX and related acc at Prai Power Station, Installation of Capacitor Bank at 275KV Yard Prai power Station, relocation of 33KV s/gear and Acc to permanent room at PMU Bayan Lepas, Installation of 275/132/33KV at Prai Power Station, Installation of 33KV link and lightning arrestor at Bukit Raya PPU, Kedah. and many more.

As we know, all TNB jobs which involve installation of 11KV and above required to be supervise by Competent Chargemen to represent Service Engineer at site. Without Chergeman around job cannot be proceed.

So to avoid these hassle be prepared and appoint yr HT Chargeman before you could start any TNB's jobs.

kamaruzaman bin suradi
HT Chargeman

Roles of Electrical Chargeman
HT Chargeman scope of duty:
1. To comply with: Act 447 Electricity Supply Act. 1990 Part V (23) Competent Control Persons in charge:
No installations or electrical plant equipments other than those owned or managed by supply authority shall be works or operated except by or under the control of persons possessing such qualifications and holding such certificates as may be prescribed, and no persons not possessing the qualifications or holding a certificates as aforesaid shall be in charge of any installations or shall control the operations of any electrical plant or equipments
Any persons who contravenes this section shall be guilty of an offend and shall, on conviction, be liable to a fine not exceeding ten thousand ringgit and, if the contravention be continued, to a fine not exceeding one thousand ringgit for everyday or part of a day during which the contravention is continued after conviction.
2. To ensure the (electrical related) safety of the workers before, during and after completion of the assigned jobs.
3. To ensure all related electrical supply are dead, discharge and earthed/lock throughout the works period and the working area and or equipments are safe to works.
4. To ensure all safety procedures are followed, proper tools are used, PPE are used and methods of handling of works are adhered.
5. To conduct “tool box talk” (safety briefing) before any job started (if necessary).



HT Chargeman - What to establish:
To uplift the “profession standard” of Competent Persons Chargeman
To established a fair and standard remuneration, package and benefit
To ensure the safety of competent persons chargeman
To ensure and safeguard the professionalism and competency of chargeman are in the right placed and recognized.
To ensure the sustainable of Chargeman profession by delivering a standard, quality and professional services.
Proposed remuneration and packages for HT Chargeman:
1. For “standby duty” required by the Electrical Act 447 Competent Control for the installations and equipments shall be paid as follows:
RM150 to RM250 Nett per eight (8) hours working periods
Surcharge of RM50 are applicable for working in public holidays (to follows the Government’s public holidays)
For unplanned and non schedule working hours shall be paid RM200 per 8 hours working periods.
2. For planned “maintenance works”:
For a planned maintenance works which require signing of PTW shall be paid RM250 to every unit of Sub Station (all type) regardless the numbers of switch gears and transformers.
As for normal routine works shall be paid RM250 per day (regardless the numbers of Substation)
3. For “Project works”:
Project works shall be paid RM300 per day with maximum 8 hours working hours (8am – 5pm) or (9am to 6pm)
Any extra time beyond the stipulated times shall be paid RM37.50 per hour.
Working days shall be six days week (Monday to Saturday)
Working on Sunday and Public Holiday shall be paid RM300 per day with surcharge of RM100 only (OT rate waived)
Working on weekend or public holidays (if required) shall be given notice or shall be informed in advanced.