Posting Ringkas: Nasib Pengajar Institut Kemahiran/ Latihan

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.

Ada beberapa komentar yang bertanya, bagaimana agaknya nasib dan masa depan tenaga pengajar. Jika diamati penulisan saya sebelum ini, desakan untuk menarik balik pentauliahan adalah HANYA pada pentauliahan. Tidak pula saya mendesak agar "diterajang" tenaga pengajar ini keluar dari Institut. Mereka tetap berjasa dan mengajar adalah profesion mereka. itu kita wajib hormati.

Maka, Institut kemahiran/ Latihan perlulah memandang kembali sistem SKM yang semakin menemui ajalnya. Setelah kursus elektrik di Institut Latihan / Kemahiran tidak lagi menggunakan SKM sebagai dasar pembelajaran dan diserah kepada pihak swasta yang mengaut keuntungan yang hampir menyamai dengan AC Konsortium (sekadar contoh), kualiti pemegang SKM tidak lagi dipandang oleh majikan-majikan.

Cadangan saya:

1. Dihidupkan kembali roh kursus berasaskan SKM (bagi kursus elektrik).
2. Mereka yang sudah mempunyai pengalaman 1 tahun dan mempunyai SKM minimum tahap 1, boleh memohon kursus pendawai PW1 (gred pendawai ini juga hampir "pupus").
3. Yang mempunyai SKM tahap 3 dan pengalaman kerja 1 tahun, boleh meneruskan dengan kursus Chargeman A1.
4. Calon kekompetenan persendirian, pengalaman 3 tahun kekal bagi Chargeman A0 dan PW3 dan pengalaman 2 tahun juga kekal bagi PW1.

Bukankah cara diatas tidak mengabaikan mana-mana pihak? Tenaga pengajar tetap ada, SKM semakin subur, kelayakan berdasarkan pengalaman tetap jadi prioriti dan ianya adil dan saksama bagi semua pihak.

Mudah kan? Kita cuma perlu membuat post-mortem untuk "celik'.

Wallahualam.

Toyol: Penipuan Di Dewan Peperiksaan Kekompetenan

Maaf kerana terlalu lama menyepi. Blog ini belum mati kerana ajalnya belum tiba. Maka, teruskanlah berkongsi idea dan pandangan melalui chat box ataupun melalui akaun Facebook (Orang Kompeten Elektrik).

Toyol...nama yang sering diperkatakan apabila tibanya hari peperiksaan. Tidak terkecuali peperiksaan kekompetenan. Ramai yang bergantung pada nya dan ada juga yang merasakan bahawa mereka akan gagal apabila toyol tidak dibawa bersama. Kecelakaan seumpama menjelma apabila toyol yang diharapkan tidak mampu memberi jawapan yang dipinta Suruhanjaya Tenaga.

Yang terbaru, calon-calon orang kompeten menaip toyol mereka diatas kepingan kertas A4 dan menampalkannya di dalam buku akta 447. Teman saya amat bangga apabila saya tidak perasan tentang penipuan yang beliau lakukan. Memang real. Sekali imbas, memang tak perasan.

Tidak sedarkah mereka bahawa ia adalah suatu perkara yang mungkin akan menyukarkan calon-calon orang kompeten dimasa akan datang seandainya Buku Akta tidak lagi dibenarkan dibawa masuk ke dalam Dewan?

Saya pernah melalui peperiksaan PW1 pada tahun 1998 dan ketika itu peperiksaan kompeten dibawah Jabatan Bekalan Elektrik dan Gas (JBE&G). Buku akta 447 tidak boleh dibawa kedalam Dewan dan ia amat menyukarkan kami untuk menjawab soalan-soalan berkaitan akta. Malah, kami juga sukar untuk menjawab soalan pengiraan kerana tidak dapat merujuk Jadual Faktor Kepelbagaian yang sedia tercetak di muka belakang buku Akta tersebut.

Toyol dalam poket, toyol dalam tandas dan toyol dalam telefon bimbit adalah beberapa modus operandi penipuan didalam peperiksaan kompeten. Mungkin sudah tiba masanya ST menjadi tegas.

Namun, ST juga perlu bertegas bagi memantau peperiksaan di Institut-institut kemahiran kerana di sana juga berlaku kes-kes peniruan sebegini. Percayalah, pemantauan di Institut Kemahiran amatlah lemah.

Bukankah kita dambakan orang kompeten yang berkualiti? Atau sekurang-kurangnya lulus kerana usaha mereka yang gigih dan bukannya kerana toyol mereka yang lengkap?

Fikir-fikirkanlah.

Institut Kemahiran: Suatu Komentar Serius.{II}

Reaksi bercampur-baur yang saya terima setelah bahagian pertama posting ini disiarkan, memang telah dijangka sejak dari awal. Memang agak sukar untuk menerima kebenaran namun kebenaran itu kan tetap kebenaran. Kewujudan blog ini bukan untuk memperlekehkan mana-mana pihak atau mengendos istilah "bodoh" dan "bangang" kepada sesiapa, tetapi untuk memartabatkan profession dan kerjaya sebagai seorang orang kompeten di bawah akta 447.

Sama ada kita sedar atau tidak, orang kompeten akan lenyap jika terdapat pindaan atau pemansuhan Akta 447 kerana kewujudan orang kompeten berasaskan dari akta tersebut. Maka, bagi memastikan kehadiran orang kompeten mutakhir terus dipandang berwibawa dan berilmu, maka sesuatu perlu kita lakukan.

Kalau Chargeman nak harapkan PEJEMA, maka terlingkuplah institusi Penjaga Jentera (jika ia boleh dikategori sebagai suatu institusi). PEJEMA adalah singkatan pada Persatuan Penjaga Jentera Malaysia. Apa fungsi PEJEMA? Kalau kalian tanya saya, saya jawab "ENTAH". Kalau sesiapa ada informasi terkini, sila maklumkan saya. Saya akan war-warkan ke seluruh alam. Malang sungguh sebuah persatuan tiada laman web. Kuno betul!

Apa bukti mudah kebanjiran orang kompeten lepasan Institut Kemahiran hanya menjahanamkan profession kekompetenan terutama Pendawai dan Penjaga Jentera?

Kalian boleh buat kajian sendiri. Berapa gaji seorang Chargeman AO pada 1995 dan 2005? Pada 1995, gaji seorang Chargeman AO tidak kurang dari RM1800. 2005 pula, ada yang hanya mendapat gaji RM750 .

Berapa weightage kebergantungan organisasi kepada Chargeman yang digaji mereka? Kalau saya, saya akan jawab 45%!

Organisasi lebih percaya kepada kontraktor dari Chargeman mereka sendiri. Kalau pegang multimeter pun menggigil, maka wajarlah ia jadi sebegitu rupa.

Gantung lesen (illegal tapi ia berlaku) seorang PW2 pada tahun 1999 adalah RM400 sebulan. Bila terlalu ramai PW4 yang keluar melata di muka bumi ni, harga gantung PW4 boleh menjadi RM150! Ini bukan main-main, saya mempunyai bukti. Pendawai lepasan Institut Kemahiran tidak tahupun prosedur "gantung lesen" dan ada yang menyerahkan sijil ASLI kepada majikan!

Kelakar dan memeranjatkan bukan?

{akan bersambung}

Bagaimana mahu menjadi seorang Pendawai (Wireman)?

Di dalam Peraturan elektrik 1994, kelayakan pendawai adalah tertakluk dibawah Peraturan 50 yang mana menyatakan bahawa, untuk menduduki peperiksaan Pendawai (menurut laman sesawang Suruhanjaya Tenaga):

1.1 Single-Phase Wireman (Private Candidates)

• Applications to sit for the Competency Examination for Single-Phase Wireman should be done using Form ST (PE)1 Amendment 2003.
• Qualifications are as stated in Regulation 50, Electricity Regulations 1994 and Electricity Regulations (Amended) 2003.
• The minimum academic qualifications 50(1c) has been set at Form 3 in a government assisted school or passed Peperiksaan Menengah Rendah (PMR) certification or equivalent.
• Applicants who possess a MLVK (Electrician) Certificate/mid-level SRM and have interned for 6 months with an Electrical Contractor and have a complete log book are exempted from taking the theory, practical and oral examination.
• Candidates who are qualified will only be awarded a Certificate of Competency as Single-Phase Wireman without Endorsement for installation testing. However, any candidate who intends to obtain the Wireman Certification with Endorsement is required to take the oral examination. If they fail the oral examination, certification will only be given for Wireman without Endorsement for installation testing.
• Candidates who are interested in taking the Wireman Examination with Endorsement for installation testing will have to pay both the Examination fees and the Endorsement Examination fees.
• Candidates with the MLVK Certificate(Intermediate Level) or Malaysian Skill Certificate (Level Two) and have working experience of not less than 6 months with a registered electrical contractor are eligible to apply for PW1 Wireman Certification, without sitting for the theory and practical component of the Wireman Examination. However, this exemption does not include MLVK/SKM Certificate holders who obtained their certificates through the Accreditation of Prior Achievement (APA).
• The eligibility chart to sit for the examination for the Certificate of Competency as a Single Phase Wireman is shown in Appendix A1.

• The flowchart showing the procedure to take the examination for the Certificate of Competency as a Single-Phase Wireman is shown in Appendix A2.

The Syllabus for Single-Phase Wireman Competency Examination

• Electricity Supply Act 1990 and Energy Commission Act 2001.
• Electricity Regulations 1994 and Electricity Regulations (Amendment) 2003.
• Electrical Installations of Buildings – MS IEC 60364
• Resuscitation, first aid and treatment of electric shock.
• Basic Knowledge on Electricity:

• Introduction to voltage, current, resistance, power, induction, capacitance, frequency and other quantities that are related to electricity.
• Ohm’s Law.
• Serial and parallel connection
• Power formula
• Electricity supply and voltage rating system
  
  

• Cables

• Types of cables, color code and use.
• The right cable selection such as:
  

  • Current flow capacity
  • Voltage depreciation calculation
  • Miscellaneous factors
  • Correction factors
  • Types of cable termination

• Wiring

• Wiring system
• Surface, embedded, conduits, mains, etc
• Selection factors
• Types and size of conduits/ mains
• Space factor

• Lighting Circuit

• One-way switches, two- way switches, intermediate switches
• Power circuits
• Radius, ring, spur
• Power point for air conditioning
  
• Power point for water heaters
• Separators

• Test Equipment and Testing

• Types of testing
• Polarity, continuity, insulation, etc
• Types of test equipment
• Insulation testing, earth resistance testing, multimeter, main ring tester, RCB tester and test equipment related to testing of electrical wiring.

• Equipment to Measure Electricity Quantity
  

• Use of measuring equipment and the operating principles, that is, ampere span, voltage span, KWH span, clamp on tester, avometer, etc.

• Switch Tool & Distribution Board (SPN)

• Types of distribution boards, consumer units, outlets,etc
• Cut out dan Neutral Link

• Circuit Protection

• Types of electrical damage
• Protection devices and use
• Types of fuses, rating, operation, testing
• Types of main switches, current rating, fuse rating
• MCB, operations, current rating, testing

• Earthing

• Types of earthing, earthing principles, earth leakage barriers, protective conductivity and earth electrodes.
• Related single phase RCB device, operation and regulations

• Lightning Protection System

• Types and use of lightning arrestors

• Electrical Apparatus

• Operating principles of electrical apparatus such as water heaters, electric cookers, electric bells, etc
• Single-phase starters

• Electric Installation Design

• Knowledge of electric symbols
• Knowledge of schematic diagrams and electrical layout
• Standard color code for telephone systems, gas, water and fire extinguishers
• Load calculation

1.2 Three-Phase Wireman (Private Candidates)

• Applications to take the Competency Examination for Three-Phase Wireman should be done using Form ST(PE) 1 Amendment 2003.

• Minimum academic qualifications must be Form 3 in a government assisted school or passed Peperiksaan Menengah Rendah (PMR) or equivalent [Regulation 50 1 (c)]

• Eligibility Requirements are:

• Certificate of Competency for Single Phase Restriction
  
• Registered with the Energy Commission
• Working with a registered Electrical Contractor or Private Wireman or Government Agencies.

• The Competency Examination for Three-Phase Wireman can be considered after one year from the official date of passing the Examination for Single-Phase Wireman and having worked with a contractor for not less than 6 months.

• Candidates who have passed the Competency Examination for Three-Phase and possess a Certificate of Competency for Single-Phase Wireman and installation testing endorsement are qualified to obtain a Certificate of Competency for Three-Phase Wireman with installation testing endorsement on condition that the fees to take the endorsement examination is paid.

• Candidates without a Certificate of Competency Single-Phase Restriction can be considered for the examination for the Certificate of Competency for Three-Phase Wireman on condition that they have working experience of not less than 3 years with a contractor registered with the EC.

• Candidates must have a log book to prove working/ teaching experience that is approved by other instructors holding a relevant EC competency certificate.

• The eligibility chart to take the examination is shown in Appendix B1.

The flow chart procedure to take the Competency Examination for Three-Phase Wireman is shown in Appendix A2.

The Syllabus for Three-Phase Wireman Competency Examination

• Electricity Supply Act 1990, Energy Commission Act 2001, Electricity Regulations 1994 and Electricity Regulations (Amended) 2003.

• Complying with the Malaysia Wiring Standards (Electrical Installation of Buildings – MS IEC 60364)

• Resuscitation, first aid and treatment for electric shock.

• Basic Electricity Knowledge

• Introduction to voltage, current, resistance, power, induction, capacitance, frequency and other quantities related to electricity.
• Ohm’s Law.
• Serial and parallel connection
• Power formula
• Electricity supply and voltage rating system

• Cables

• Types of cables, color code and use.
• The right cable selection such as:
  
  • Current flow capacity
  • Voltage depreciation calculation
  • Miscellaneous factors
  • Correction factors
  • Types of cable termination

• Wiring

• Wiring system
• Surface, embedded, conduit, mains, etc
• Selection factors
• Types and size of conduit/ mains
• Space factor

• Lighting circuit

• One-way switches, two- way switches, intermediate switches
• Power circuit
• Radius, ring, spur
• Power point for air conditioning
• Power point for water heaters
• Separators

• Test equipment and Testing

• Types of testing
• Polarity, continuity, insulation, etc
• Types of test equipment
• Insulation tester, earth resistance tester, multimeter, ring main tester, RCB tester and testing apparatus related to testing of electric wiring.
  

• Equipment to Measure Electricity Quantity
  

• Measuring equipment use and operating principles, that is, ampere meter, voltage meter, KWH meter, clamp on tester, avometer, etc.

• Switch Tools & Distribution Board (SPN)

• Types of distribution boards, consumer units, outlets, etc
• Cut out and Neutral Link

• Circuit Protection

• Types of electrical damage
• Protection devices and use
• Types of fuses, rating, operation, testing
• Types of main switches, current rating, fuse rating
• MCB, operation, current rating, testing
• MCCB, operation, current rating, testing

• Earthing

• Types of earthing, earthing principles, earth leakage barriers, protective conductivity and earth electrode.
• Related single phase RCB devices, operation and regulations

• Lightning Protection System

• Types and use of lightning arrestors

• Electrical Apparatus

• Operating principles of electrical apparatus such as water heaters, electric cookers, electric bells, etc
• Types of motors, motor starters and their wiring

• Electric Installation design

• Knowledge on electric symbols
• Knowledge on schematic diagrams and electrical layout
• Load calculation and load balance

• Standard color code for telephone system, gas, water and fire extinguisher system.

• All matters related to single phase wiring syllabus.

1.3 Electric-Sign Wireman

• Applications to take the Electric-Sign Wireman Competency Examination needs to be done using Form ST (PE)1 Amendment 2003.

• Minimum academic qualifications includes Form 3 in a government assisted school or passed Peperiksaan Menengah Rendah (PMR) or equivalent [Regulation 50 1 (c)].

• Candidates may be allowed to take the Electric-Sign Wireman Competency Examination directly on condition that they have experience as a wireman of not less than 3 years with an EC registered contractor and one year experience working as an electric-sign wireman.